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OWASP
Connector

May 2019

Communications | Projects | Events | Community | Membership

COMMUNICATIONS

Letter from the Vice Chairman:

Dear OWASP Community,

Since last month the foundation has been busy working towards enabling our project leaders and community members to utilize funds to work on nurturing and developing projects. So far there has been huge uptake on this initiative. It's great to see so many people passionate about collaborating at project summits.

Our Global AppSec Tel-Aviv is nearly upon us, for members, there is an extra incentive for attending this conference, in the form of a significant discount. This and the sandy beaches and beautiful scenery, not to mention the great speakers and trainers we have lined up, is a great reason to attend. If you have not done so we would encourage you to attend this great conference - https://telaviv.appsecglobal.org.

One of the key things I've noticed in my Board of Director tenure is the passion our community emits, sometimes this passion aids in growing the foundation, but sometimes it also forces us to take a step back and look at how we do things within the foundation. With Mike, our ED and staff we have seen a lot of good change from an operations perspective, with more in the pipeline. Mike's appointment has allowed the Board of Directors to take a step back from operations and enable us to work on more strategic goals. To this end at a recent Board meeting we discussed each Board member taking up one of the following strategic goals, as set out at the start of the year:

1.Marketing the OWASP brand
2.Membership benefits
3.Developer outreach

Improve benefits
Decrease the possibility of OWASP losing relevance
Reaching out to management and Risk levels
Increase involvement in new tech/ ways of doing things – dev ops

4.Project focus

Get Universities involved
Practicum sponsored ideas
Internships

5.Improve finances
6.Improve OWAP/ Board of Directors Perception
7.Process improvement
8. Get consistent ED
9.Community empowerment

I would encourage the community to come forward if you have any ideas on the above and are happy to work with one of the 7 Board of Directors and community members on one of these initiatives.

Thanks and best wishes,
Owen Pendlebury
Vice Chair

OWASP FOUNDATION UPDATE FROM INTERIM EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR:

OWASP Foundation welcomes aboard Emily Berman as Events Director. Emily was most recently with the Scrum Alliance where she planned high-profile functions for upwards of 2,000 guests. Emily brings a fresh approach to events planning and her 12 years of experience planning and organizing large-scale events worldwide well in advance will greatly benefit our Global AppSecs.

Did you Register yet?

Global AppSec DC September 9-13, 2019
submit to the Call for Papers and Call for Training
Check out Sponsorship Opportunities while they are still available.

Save the Date for Global AppSec Amsterdam Sept 23-27, 2019
Sponsorship Opportunities are available

EVENTS

You may also be interested in one of our other affiliated events:

REGIONAL AND LOCAL EVENTS

Event	Date	Location
Latam Tour 2019	Starting April 4, 2019	Latin America
OWASP Portland Training Day	September 25, 2019	Portland, OR
OWASP Italy Day Udine 2019	September 27,2019	Udine, Italy
OWASP Portland Day	October 16,2019	Wroclaw, Poland
LASCON X	October 24-25,2019	Austin, TX
OWASP AppSec Day 2019	Oct 30 - Nov 1, 2019	Melbourne, Australia

PARTNER AND PROMOTIONAL EVENTS

Event	Date	Location
Open Security Summit	June 3-7,2019	Woburn Forest Center Parcs, Bedfordshire
Hack in Paris 2019	June 16-20, 2019	Paris
Cyber Security and Cloud Expo Europe	June 19-20, 2019	Amsterdam
IoT Tech Expo Europe	June 19-20, 2019	Amsterdam
BlackHat USA 2019	August 3-8,2019	Las Vegas, Nevada
DefCon 27	August 8-11,2019	Las Vegas, Nevada
it-sa-IT Security Expo and Congress	October 8-10, 2019	Germany

PROJECTS

We have had the following projects added to the OWASP inventory. Please congratulate these leaders and check out the work they have done:

Project	Type	Leader(s)
Risk Assessment Framework	Documentation	Ade Yoseman Putra, Rejah Rehim
QRLJacker	Tool	Mohammed Baset
Container Security Verification Standard	Documentation	Sven Vetsch
Find Security Bugs	Code	Philippe Arteau
Vulnerable Web Application	Code	Fatih Çelik
D4N155	Tool	Julio Pedro de Lira Neto
Jupiter	Tool	Matt Stanchek
Top 10 Card Game	Documentation	Dennis Johnson
Samurai WTF	Code	Kevin Johnson
DevSecOps Maturity Model	Documentation	Timo Pagel

Also, we will have the following projects presenting at the Project Showcase Global AppSec Tel Aviv:

Final Schedule
Wednesday, May 29th				Thursday, May 30th
Time	Project	Presenter(s)	Confirmed	Time	Project	Presenter(s)	Confirmed
10:45 a.m.	Glue Tool	Omer Levi Hevroni	Yes	10:30 a.m.	API Security	Erez Yalon, Inon Shkedy	Yes
			7

11:55 a.m.	IoT & Embedded AppSec	Aaron Guzman	Yes	11:50 a.m.	Mod Security Core Rule Set	Tin Zaw	Yes
				12:25 p.m.	Automated Threats	Tin Zaw	Yes
12:30 p.m. Lunch Break				12:55 p.m. Lunch Break
2:35 p.m.	SAMM	John DiLeo	Yes
3:10 p.m.	Application Security Curriculum	John DiLeo	Yes	3:10 p.m.	Damned Vulnerable Serveless Application	Tal Melamed	Yes

Finally, if you are able to help participate in the Project Reviews at the Conference, please send me an email at harold.blankenship@owasp.com. We have a large line-up of projects to review this time around:

Project	To Level	Leader(s)
Snakes and Ladders	Flagship	Katy Anton, Colin Watson
Cheat Sheet Series	Flagship	Dominique Righetto, Jim Manico
Mobile Security Testing Guide	Flagship	Jeroen Willemsen, Sven Schleier
Amass	Lab	Jeff Foley
Attack Surface Detector	Lab	Ken Prole
SecureTea	Lab	Ade Yoseman Putra, Bambang Rahmadi K.P, Rejah Rehim.A.A
Serverless Goat	Lab	Ory Segal

Google Summer of Code Update:
We were allocated 13 students this year! The current timeline is as follows:

Google Season of Docs:
We were accepted into the Google Season of Docs. There will be a single technical writer resource. The current timeline is as follows:

COMMUNITY

New OWASP Chapters
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Guayaquil, Equador
Lome, Togo
Natal, Brazil
Nashua, New Hampshire
Gwalior, India
Louisville, Kentucky
Nainital, India
Liverpool, United Kingdom
Syracuse, New York

MEMBERSHIP

We would like to welcome the following Premier and Contributor Corporate Members.

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Contributor Corporate Members

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Bel Air, MD 21014

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In the Hacking Windows 95, part 1 blog post, we covered that through a nasty bug affecting Windows 95/98/ME, the share password can be guessed in no time. In this article, I'm going to try to use this vulnerability to achieve remote code execution (with the help of publicly available tools only).

The first thing we can do when we have read access to the Windows directory through the share, is to locate all the *.pwl files on the c:\windows directory, copy them to your machine where Cain is installed, switch to Cracker tab, pwl files, load the pwl file, add username based on the filename, and try to crack it. If you can't crack it you might still try to add a .pwl file where you already know the password in the remote windows directory. Although this is a fun post-exploitation task, but still, no remote code execution. These passwords are useless without physical access.

One might think that after having a share password and user password, it is easy to achieve remote code execution. The problem is:

there is no "at" command (available since Windows 95 plus!)
there is no admin share
there is no RPC
there is no named pipes
there is no remote registry
there is no remote service management

If you think about security best practices, disabling unnecessary services is always the first task you should do. Because Windows 95 lacks all of these services, it is pretty much secure!

During my quest for a tool to hack Windows 95, I came across some pretty cool stuff:

Internet periscope

Winfingerprint

LanSpy

But the best of the best is Fluxay, which has been written by chinese hackers. It is the metasploit from the year 2000. A screenshot is worth more than a 1000 words. 4 screenshot > 4 thousand words :)

It is pretty hard to find the installer, but it is still out there!

But at the end, no remote code execution for me.

My idea here was that if I can find a file which executes regularly (on a scheduled basis), I can change that executable to my backdoor and I'm done. Although there is no scheduler in the default Windows 95, I gave it a try.

Let's fire up taskman.exe to get an idea what processes are running:

Looks like we need a more powerful tool here, namely Process Explorer. Let's try to download this from oldapps.com:

LOL, IE3 hangs, can't render the page. Copying files to the Win95 VM is not that simple, because there are no shared folders in Win95 VM. And you can't use pendrives either, Win95 can't handle USB (at least the retail version). After downloading the application with a newer browser from oldapps, let's start Process Explorer on the test Windows 95.

Don't try to download the Winsocks 2 patch from the official MS site, it is not there anymore, but you can download it from other sites.

Now let's look at the processes running:

After staring it for minutes, turned out it is constant, no new processes appeared.
Looking at the next screenshot, one can notice this OS was not running a lot of background processes ...

My current Win7 has 1181 threads and 84 processes running, no wonder it is slow as hell :)

We have at least the following options:

You are lucky and not the plain Windows 95 is installed, but Windows 95 Plus! The main difference here is that Windows 95 Plus! has built-in scheduler, especially the "at" command. Just overwrite a file which is scheduled to execution, and wait. Mission accomplished!
Ping of death - you can crash the machine (no BSOD, just crash) with long (over 65535 bytes) ICMP ping commands, and wait for someone to reboot it. Just don't forget to put your backdoor on the share and add it to autoexec.bat before crashing it.
If your target is a plain Windows 95, I believe you are out of luck. No at command, no named pipes, no admin share, nothing. Meybe you can try to fuzz port 137 138 139, and write an exploit for those. Might be even Ping of Death is exploitable?

Let's do the first option, and hack Windows 95 plus!

Look at the cool features we have by installing Win95 Plus!

Cool new boot splash screen!

But our main interest is the new, scheduled tasks!

Now we can replace diskalm.exe with our backdoor executable, and wait maximum one hour to be scheduled.

Instead of a boring text based tutorial, I created a YouTube video for you. Based on the feedbacks on my previous tutorialz, it turned out I'm way too old, and can't do interesting tutorials. That's why I analyzed the cool skiddie videoz, and found that I have to do the followings so my vidz won't suck anymore:

use cool black windows theme
put meaningless performance monitor gadgets on the sidebar
use a cool background, something related with hacking and skullz
do as many opsec fails as possible
instead of captions, use notepad with spelling errorz
there is only one rule of metal: Play it fuckin' loud!!!!

Related links

In a sign that threat actors continuously shift tactics and update their defensive measures, the operators of the SolarMarker information stealer and backdoor have been found leveraging stealthy Windows Registry tricks to establish long-term persistence on compromised systems.

Cybersecurity firm Sophos, which spotted the new behavior, said that the remote access implants are still being detected on targeted networks despite the campaign witnessing a decline in November 2021.

Boasting of information harvesting and backdoor capabilities, the .NET-based malware has been linked to at least three different attack waves in 2021. The first set, reported in April, took advantage of search engine poisoning techniques to trick business professionals into visiting sketchy Google sites that installed SolarMarker on the victim's machines.

Then in August, the malware was observed targeting healthcare and education sectors with the goal of gathering credentials and sensitive information. Subsequent infection chains documented by Morphisec in September 2021 highlighted the use of MSI installers to ensure the delivery of the malware.

The SolarMarker modus operandi commences with redirecting victims to decoy sites that drop the MSI installer payloads, which, while executing seemingly legitimate install programs such as Adobe Acrobat Pro DC, Wondershare PDFelement, or Nitro Pro, also launches a PowerShell script to deploy the malware.

"These SEO efforts, which leveraged a combination of Google Groups discussions and deceptive web pages and PDF documents hosted on compromised (usually WordPress) websites, were so effective that the SolarMarker lures were usually at or near the top of search results for phrases the SolarMarker actors targeted," Sophos researchers Gabor Szappanos and Sean Gallagher said in a report shared with The Hacker News.

The PowerShell installer is designed to alter the Windows Registry and drop a .LNK file into Windows' startup directory to establish persistence. This unauthorized change results in the malware getting loaded from an encrypted payload hidden amongst what the researchers called a "smokescreen" of 100 to 300 junk files created specifically for this purpose.

"Normally, one would expect this linked file to be an executable or script file," the researchers detailed. "But for these SolarMarker campaigns the linked file is one of the random junk files, and cannot be executed itself."

What's more, the unique and random file extension used for the linked junk file is utilized to create a custom file type key, which is ultimately employed to execute the malware during system startup by running a PowerShell command from the Registry.

The backdoor, for its part, is ever-evolving, featuring an array of functionalities that allow it to steal information from web browsers, facilitate cryptocurrency theft, and execute arbitrary commands and binaries, the results of which are exfiltrated back to a remote server.

"Another important takeaway […], which was also seen in the ProxyLogon vulnerabilities targeting Exchange servers, is that defenders should always check whether attackers have left something behind in the network that they can return to later," Gallagher said. "For ProxyLogon this was web shells, for SolarMarker this is a stealthy and persistent backdoor that according to Sophos telematics is still active months after the campaign ended."

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Hacking Windows 95, Part 2

SolarMarker Malware Uses Novel Techniques To Persist On Hacked Systems

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